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John Roderigo Dos Passos (; January 14, 1896 – September 28, 1970) was an American novelist and artist active in the first half of the twentieth century. He was born in Chicago, Illinois, and he went on to Harvard College, graduating in 1916. He was well-traveled, visiting Europe and the Middle East, where he learned about literature, art, and architecture. During World War I he was a member of the American Volunteer Motor Ambulance Corps in Paris and Italy, later joining the U.S. Army Medical Corps. In 1920 he had his first novel published, ''One Man's Initiation: 1917'', and in 1925 his ''Manhattan Transfer'' became a commercial success. In 1928, he went to the Soviet Union to study socialism, and later became a leading participator in the April 1935 First American Writers Congress sponsored by the communist-leaning League of American Writers. He was in Spain in 1937 during the Spanish Civil War, when the murder of good friend José Robles soured his attitude toward communism and severed his relationship with fellow writer Ernest Hemingway. He is best known for his ''U.S.A.'' trilogy, which consists of the novels ''The 42nd Parallel'' (1930), ''1919'' (1932), and ''The Big Money'' (1936). In 1998, the Modern Library ranked the ''U.S.A. Trilogy'' 23rd on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century. By the 1950s, his political views had changed dramatically, and in the 1960s, he actively campaigned for presidential candidates Barry Goldwater and Richard M. Nixon. An artist as well as a novelist, Dos Passos created cover art for his books, was influenced by the modernist movements in 1920s Paris, and continued to paint throughout his lifetime. He died on September 28, 1970. ==Early life== Born in Chicago, Illinois, Dos Passos was the illegitimate son of John Randolph Dos Passos (1844–1917), a lawyer of half Madeiran Portuguese descent, and Lucy Addison Sprigg Madison of Petersburg, Virginia. The elder Dos Passos was married with a son several years older than John. Although John's father married his mother after the death of his first wife in 1910, he refused to acknowledge John for another two years, until he was 16.〔Carr, Virginia Spencer (1984). ''Dos Passos: A Life''. Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University Press. ISBN 978-0-8101-2200-0. pp 114–117. The acknowledgement was never full or warm, nor were relations between the half-brothers Louis and John.〕 John Randolph Dos Passos was an authority on trusts, a staunch supporter of the powerful industrial conglomerates that his son would come to oppose in his fictional works of the 1920s and 1930s. The younger Dos Passos received a good education at the Choate School (now Choate Rosemary Hall) in Wallingford, Connecticut, in 1907 under the name John Roderigo Madison, then traveling with a private tutor on a six-month tour of France, England, Italy, Greece, and the Middle East to study the masters of classical art, architecture, and literature. In 1912, he enrolled in Harvard College. Following his graduation in 1916, he traveled to Spain to study art and architecture. In July 1917, with World War I raging in Europe, Dos Passos volunteered for the S.S.U. 60 of the Norton-Harjes Ambulance Corps, along with friends E.E. Cummings and Robert Hillyer. He worked as an ambulance driver in Paris, and in north-central Italy. By the late summer of 1918, he had completed a draft of his first novel. At the same time, he had to report for duty with the U.S. Army Medical Corps at Camp Crane in Pennsylvania. On Armistice Day, he was stationed in Paris, where the U.S. Army Overseas Education Commission allowed him to study anthropology at the Sorbonne. A character in ''Three Soldiers'' goes through virtually the same military career and stays in Paris after the war. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「John Dos Passos」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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